Your ultimate A-Z skincare guide 

A: AHA & azelaic acid  

Our hero: Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), like glycolic and lactic acid, are chemical exfoliants that gently remove dead skin cells, revealing brighter, smoother skin. Perfect for tackling pigmentation and dullness, especially after long summer days.  

Noteworthy mention: Azelaic acid is a multitasker that calms inflammation, fades dark spots and fights acne. It’s ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin.  

B: Benzoyl peroxide & bakuchiol  

Our hero: Benzoyl peroxide is a tried-and-true acne treatment that kills bacteria and reduces inflammation. Use it as a spot treatment or in cleansers for breakout-prone skin.  

Noteworthy mention: Bakuchiol (often called the ‘natural retinol’) offers anti-ageing benefits without the skin irritation. Best for those with sensitive skin or who are looking for a plant-based alternative.  

C: Ceramides 

These lipids help restore the skin barrier and lock in moisture, which is essential for dry or compromised skin.  

D: Double cleansing 

This involves using an oil-based cleanser followed by a water-based one to thoroughly remove make-up, sunscreen and grime. It’s a routine that’s especially useful in urban areas with higher pollution.  

E: Exfoliation  

Whether chemical or physical, exfoliating helps slough off-dead skin cells and improve texture. Just don’t overdo it — aim for two to three times a week max. 

F: Ferulic acid   

To protect your skin from free radicals and UV damage, use this antioxidant that boosts the power of vitamins C and E.  

G: Glycolic acid  

A type of AHA, it penetrates deeply to exfoliate and brighten — ideal for uneven skin tone and texture.  

H: Hyaluronic acid & hemp seed oil  

Our hero: Hyaluronic acid is a hydration magnet that plumps and smoothes the skin. Apply it during dry winters or after sun exposure.  

Noteworthy mention: Hemp seed oil is non-comedogenic (meaning it doesn’t block pores) and rich in fatty acids, making it great for balancing oily or acne-prone skin.  

I: Ice, ice baby 

We love a low-cost skincare win — and it doesn’t get much easier, cheaper or simpler than an ice cube! With benefits including reduced inflammation and puffiness, boosted circulation and blood flow, what’s not to love? Yes, you could also invest in a facial ice-roller, but simply wrapping an ice cube in a clean cloth and gliding it across your face will give you the same benefits. 

J: Jojoba oil 

This balancing and nourishing oil mimics the skin’s natural sebum and works on all skin types.  

K: Kalahari melon seed oil  

Native to southern Africa, this oil is lightweight, rich in omega-6 fatty acids and deeply hydrating. Apply it to dry or sun-exposed skin to add extra nourishment.  

L: Lactic acid

It works as a gentle exfoliant that also hydrates, making it ideal for sensitive or dry skin.  

M: Mineral sunscreens  

These use zinc oxide or titanium dioxide to physically block UV rays — perfect for sensitive skin (and reef-safe, too).  

N: Niacinamide  

A superstar ingredient for all skin types that reduces redness, regulates oil and improves skin tone.  

O: Occlusives 

Occlusives, like shea butter and petrolatum, seal in moisture and protect the skin barrier. They’re helpful in dry or windy regions.  

P: Probiotics 

A standout skincare trend in 2025, especially for those seeking gentler, more holistic approaches to skin health. Look for probiotic-infused cleansers that gently purify without stripping the skin, or for serums and moisturisers that deliver targeted hydration and barrier support. 

Q: Q10 (Coenzyme Q10) 

Q10 is an antioxidant that energises skin cells and helps reduce signs of ageing. It works well to give dull or tired-looking skin a boost.  

R: Retinoids & rosehip oil  

Our hero: Retinoids (like retinol and retinaldehyde) boost cell turnover and reduce wrinkles. Keen to introduce it into your skincare routine? Start slow and always use SPF.  

Noteworthy mention: Rosehip oil is rich in vitamin A and essential fatty acids. Use it to help fade scars and improve skin texture.

S: SPF 

Sun protection is non-negotiable, no matter your skin type, colour or concern. Protecting against UV damage, pigmentation and premature ageing, it’s your daily skincare staple. To make sure you’re properly protected, look for broad-spectrum formulas.  

T: Tea tree oil 

It’s a natural antibacterial that helps treat acne and blemishes. It can be pretty potent, so use in moderation to avoid irritation. 

U: Urea   

Great for dry, rough skin on the face or body as it hydrates and gently exfoliates.  

V: Vitamin C & Vitamin E  

Vitamin C — best used as a serum in the morning under SPF — brightens skin, fades dark spots and protects against environmental damage. Vitamin E nourishes and protects the skin barrier. Together they offer enhanced antioxidant power; think of it as your vitamin ‘power couple’.  

W: Witch hazel willow bark  

Witch hazel is a natural astringent that helps tone and tighten skin. Use it with caution on dry or sensitive skin. Willow bark, a source of salicylic acid, helps unclog pores and reduce acne on oily or blemish-prone skin.  

X: Xylitol 

While you’re familiar with xylitol in the grocery store’s baking aisle, it’s also becoming a bit of a skincare hero. Its claim to fame? It’s a humectant — an important cosmetic ingredient that prevents moisture loss.  

Y: Yarrow extract  

With anti-inflammatory and healing properties, it’s ideal for sensitive or damaged skin. Bonus: yarrow extract is also antibacterial.  

Z: Zinc oxide 

A mineral sunscreen ingredient that offers broad-spectrum protection and soothes irritated skin.  

Skincare is personal, but it doesn’t have to be complicated. Keep this A—Z guide handy for your next skincare restock and you’ll be equipped to decode labels, shop smarter and build a routine that works for your skin.